Understanding Vertical Cracks in Walls: Causes, Effects, and Solutions

Whether in an older or newer building, vertical cracks in walls remain an aggravating problem. They can serve as a firsthand reason for concern for homeowners or individuals residing in buildings due to the sudden formation of these cracks. Vertical cracks can be classified into plaster, drywall, and even concrete walls. All kinds of walls have some underlying solution that, when looked into, can be managed easily. One of the most heard issues in classifying walls can be vertical cracks, and finding solutions tailored towards their environment is key in making the entire process efficient.

What Are Vertical Cracks in Walls?

To define vertical cracks, they appear in long vertical lines that range from the bottom of the wall to the end of the wall. Vertical cracks are important to consider because they can change the entire structure and strength of the wall. Vertical cracks can be spotted in a number of walls as well, such as concrete, brick, and drywall. The severity of the problem lies in more enlarged cracks that can create bigger issues.

Causes of Vertical Cracks in Walls

Several factors can contribute to the formation of vertical cracks in walls. The most common causes include:

1. Settlement of the Building Foundation

One of the primary causes of vertical cracks in walls is foundation settlement. Over time, buildings naturally shift and settle as the ground underneath them compresses or shifts. This can cause the walls to crack, especially in newly constructed homes or buildings that haven’t fully settled.

2. Changes in Temperature and Moisture

Temperature and humidity changes may cause the material in your walls to expand or contract. A combination of wood, plaster, and other materials increases moisture, leading to cracks. This problem can worsen with dry climates or a sudden change in the weather.

3. Movement of Structure

At times, the structural movement of the frame of the building causes a shift in the wall’s position. This could have been caused as a result of poor construction or design flaws causing vertical cracks over time.

4. Movement of the Soil

Factors such as excessive saturation of water below the soil or extreme drought can cause the soil to move. This movement can put stress onto the foundation, causing the walls to crack. If the building is located on what is considered expansive soil, which is wet and makes the soil swell and shrink when dry, vertical cracks will likely appear.

5. The building’s age

The materials used in older building construction make them more fragile in comparison. The vertical cracks appearing in these cases are due to the deterioration of walls suffering after prolonged exposure due to shifting or weakening materials over time.

Impact of Vertical Cracks on Building Integrity

Though the small vertical fissures may appear harmless, if they increase in size, action should be taken immediately. Suggested consequences relating to vertical cracks in walls include:

Water-related destruction: The growing cracks allow water to pass through, which in turn leads to mold and other forms of water destruction, gradually weakening the structure.

Shifting and Cracking: Cracks that are widening among themselves are pointers to the shifting of building structures, thus posing a risk to the foundation.

Value depreciation: Kerfs tend to be unappealing, especially vertical spaces separating walls. This decreases the value of the property while diminishing its aesthetic value.

How to Fix Vertical Cracks in Walls

Fixing vertical cracks in walls largely depends on the cause and severity of the issue. Here are some solutions that can help you address this problem:

1. Minor Cracks in Drywall or Plaster

For small cracks in drywall or plaster, a simple patching technique may suffice. Here’s how you can do it:

• Clean the crack thoroughly.
• Use a putty knife to apply a wall repair compound or joint compound into the crack.
• Smooth the compound and let it dry completely.
• Sand the area lightly to create a smooth surface and apply a fresh coat of paint.

2. Structural Issues and Larger Cracks

For larger cracks or structural issues, it’s important to consult a professional. Structural engineers or contractors can assess the cause and determine if foundation repairs or further inspections are necessary. These repairs may involve:

• Foundation stabilization: If settlement or soil movement is the cause, stabilizing the foundation might involve underpinning or installing piers.
• Reinforcement: In cases of structural damage, reinforcing the wall with steel beams or braces might be needed.

3. Moisture Control

Resolving a problem that contributes to vertical cracks requires controlling moisture. Use proper ventilation along with dehumidifiers and waterproofing your walls to curb further damage. If seepage is substantial, you will likely need to apply a water seal to the affected regions.

Prevention Tips for Vertical Cracks

While it may not always be possible to prevent vertical cracks from occurring, here are some preventive measures you can take:

• Ensure proper drainage around the foundation to prevent soil movement.
• Maintain a stable temperature and humidity level inside the building to reduce material expansion and contraction.
• Regularly inspect your walls for early signs of cracks so that they can be addressed before they become severe.

Conclusion

Vertical wall cracks can be the outcome of a foundation settlement, moisture, and thermal shifts. Even though minor cracks might arise, it is crucial that bigger cracks are sealed in a timely fashion to ensure your home is structurally safe. Seeking a professional’s assistance is always better if there is doubt about the cause or severity of cracks.

FAQs

1. Are vertical cracks in walls always a sign of structural problems?

Not invariably. Minor, vertical cracks do not indicate a serious concern. They occur due to settling phenomena or changes in temperature. On the contrary, wider cracks that grow larger do suggest serious damaging concerns.

2. Can vertical cracks be repaired by myself?

Cracks of a smaller nature can be repaired using basic do-it-yourself techniques. Whereas more extensive cracks should be addressed with professional assistance.

3. How can I prevent vertical cracks in my walls?

Maintaining the wall by preventing moisture buildup and proper drainage will help avoid cracks from forming.

Also Read: Everything You Need to Know About Pony Walls